Un article écrit par Benjamin Garnaud et Raphaël Billé, chapitre 3.7 de l'ouvrage Climate Change Adaptation and International Development - Making Development Cooperation More Effective édité par Ryo Fujikura et Masato Kawanishi (respectivement chercheur invité et conseiller sur le changement climatique à la Japanese International Cooperation Agency), et publié par Earthscan.
L'objectif de ce chapitre est de faire le bilan de plusieurs années de mise en œuvre de politiques d'adaptation par les agences de développement et de coopération et les organisations non gouvernementales en Afrique du Nord, plus spécifiquement en Algérie, Égypte, Tunisie et Maroc.
Résumé du chapitre [en anglais] :
"The aim of this chapter is to draw lessons from several years of adaptation implementation by development cooperation agencies and NGOs in North Africa, and contribute to the requirement for re-evaluating these first years of ‘learning by doing’. We focus here on four North African countries, namely Algeria, Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia and follow a three-phased approach. First reviewing the science in terms of impacts and vulnerabilities in these four countries, we then examine the macro-level, i.e. national initiatives such as national communications to the UNFCCC, and the micro-level, i.e. small-scale adaptation projects. Finally, we compare these different levels and the scientific research to identify gaps, potential opportunities and threats to implementation, drawing lessons and recommendations for development cooperation practitioners."
Points clés du chapitre [en anglais] :
- There is a risk of small-scale, pro-poor adaptation projects becoming the main form of adaptation in the field, leading to major limitations.
- The implementation of adaptation is fragmented and becomes an incomplete patchwork of small-scale projects with very little connection between them. The same occurs between sectors, socio-economic groups and climate impacts.
- There is a real need for a much more integrated approach to adaptation. This calls for national, integrated, overarching adaptation frameworks in North African countries that would provide a comprehensive view of the impacts, vulnerabilities and adaptation across stakeholders, sectors and scales. International development cooperation is in a very good position to encourage this.
- These initial years of ‘doing’ adaptation have revealed how development and adaptation are entwined. There is a necessary convergence between adaptation and development, but it shall not be oblivious to the limits of development assistance as we have known it for the last decades. It should instead provide an opportunity to question development cooperation practices, and the paradigm that lies behind them.
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