Cet article, à travers une analyse du cas français et de la littérature, analyse l'usage opérationnel des modèles urbains. On observe que ces modèles, développés par la recherche, sont sous-utilisés par les villes. Cet article plaide donc pour un changement d'approche, en partant des besoins des utilisateurs finaux. Il inscrit ainsi cette problématique dans une réflexion sur les interfaces science-décision et sur la façon dont la production de la science (ici des outils de modélisation) peut-être utile sur le terrain.
Références : Transport Policy, Volume 49 (July 2016), Pages 20–29.
doi:10.1016/j.tranpol.2016.03.005
Résumé [en anglais] :
"Land Use and Transport Integrated models (LUTIs) are promising approaches for urban planning. There is large literature describing their technical architectures or using them in various scientific contexts. Yet little attention has been paid to expectations of practitioners (planners) and to the operational use of such models. The gap between lab application and operational use for planning practice is still to be filled. We shed light on what would make them definitely accepted and more used by planners to evaluate a range of urban and transport policies. In addition to literature review and our own experience dealing with urban planning agencies, we have interviewed different types of end users in France to identify their motivations and barriers to use LUTI models. The results show demand for a far more bottom-up oriented approach: the models should consider objectives and general needs of end users to live up to their expectations. Only a closer collaboration between modelers and end users, and more efforts to integrate modeling into urban planning, will make LUTIs considered as relevant approaches."
